ASTM A213 T9 / T11 / T22 / T91 Motsoako le Stainless Tubing bakeng sa Boilers le Mocheso Exchangers

Moo Diphaephe Tše di Šomago Gakaone (le Ke ka Baka La’ng Gantši Stainless e Fenya)

Di- boiler tša mohlagase, di-HRSG, dithuthafatši tša dikhemikhale tša petroleum, le di-exchanger tša phišo tše di kopanego ka moka di ithekgile ka diphaephe tša ASTM A213/SA213 tšeo di se nago selo. Ge chloride-bearing condensate, medikologo ya kgafetšakgafetša ya go kolobile–go oma, goba dinyakwa tša bohlweki tše di tiilego di le tafoleng, .austenitic mephato e sa tswakweng (TP letoto la lihlooho tse) .ba na le tshekamelo ya go feta mephato ya ferritic ya chrome-moly ka lebaka la go ganetša tšhilafalo ya kakaretšo ya godimo le ya go dira dipitting, go fetša ka gare mo go boreledi, le go hlwekiša gabonolo. Thempheretšha ya godimo-, tirelo ye e omilego yeo e nago le mapheko a go gagabela a tiilego e sa dutše e bolokaT-mephatoka papadi-kudu-kudu bakeng sa dipanka tša superheater le reheater.

Maemo a tlwaelegilego a tšhomišo:

Stainless (TP304/304H, TP316L/316H, TP321/321H, TP347/347H): diphapantšho tša phišo, dihlopha tša condenser, dithuthafatši tša meetse tša furu -, tirelo ya go bola goba ya modikologo - ye e kolobilego.

Alloy ferritic (T9, T11, T22, T91): dikarolo tša go fiša kudu tša superheater/reheater le dihlogo moo maatla a go gagabela a nako ye telele a bušago.

astm a213 sa213 seamless tubing bundles t11 t22 t91-octal pipe chrome moly boiler tubing sa213 t22 t91 packed for shipment-octal pipe

Go kgetha Stainless vs. Chrome-Moly: Tsela ye e Šomago

Tsela e bonolo ya go foreima phetho ke go dira mmapamahareng + mocheso + bophelo sepheogo lapa la mphato.

Lenaneo 1 – Ditšhupetšo tša kgetho ya ka pela

Tirelo cue	Stainless TP lelapa (tlwaelehileng) .	Ferritic T lelapa (tlwaelehileng) .
Di-chloride / didikologa tše di kolobilego–tše di omilego / bohlweki	TP316L/316H, le ba bangwe; TP304/304H ge e le gore di-chloride tša fase	Ga se ya kgethwa
Taolo ya sensitization ka temp e phahameng	TP321/321H (Ti - e tsepame); TP347/347H ya go swana le yona	-
Phahameng ka ho fetisisa creep margin (o omilego, khase e chesang haholo) .	TP347H/321H maemong a kgethilwego	T91 > T22 > T11 ≈ T9
Kotsi ya fase kudu ya go pitting ka tirelong ya meetse a lewatle	TP316L (Mo - go rwala) .	-
Ditshenyagalelo-bokgoni ka tirelo ya go fiša ye e lekanetšego	TP304/304H ya go swana le yona	T11/T22 (ge tšhilafalo e le bonolo) .

Project specs kamehla hlola; tafola ke tsela e kopana bakeng sa go hlahloba ka pela.

Mephato ya go se be le selo ka go gadima (TP Series) .

Lenaneo 2 – Dikgetho tše di tlwaelegilego tša diphaephe tše di sa tswakwego ka fase ga A213

Kereiti	Dintlhakgolo tša khemikhale ya motheo	Seo e lego botse go sona	Ditirišo tše di tlwaelegilego
T P 3 0 4 / 3 0 4 H	~ 18Cr - 8Ni (H=phahameng-themp khabone fapaneng)	Mohola o nabilego; bokagodimo bjo bo hlwekilego; fabricability e ntle	Condenser / phišo-diphuthelwana tša phapantšho, dithuthafatši
T P 3 1 6 L / 3 1 6 H	E tlaleletša ~ 2-3% Mo; L=tlase C; H=phahameng-temp	Go ganetša go kaone ga pitting/crevice vs 304/304H	Meetse a lewatle-go tonya ga kgauswi, methopo ya ditaba ya chloride
T P 3 2 1 / 3 2 1 H	Ti- e tsepame	Sensitization taolo ka thempereichara phahameng	Dikhoile tša superheater, diphapantšho tša temp ya godimo -
T P 3 4 7 / 3 4 7 H	Nb- e tsepame	Go swana le 321; fensetere e matla ya go tsepama	Dikhoile tša sebjana/boiler tšeo di nago le go sepela ka dipaesekele tša go fišaH - mephato nepiša phahameng - thempereichara matla; L- mephato nepiša weldability le go ganetša go kwešišega ka tirelong ya meetse.

Ferritic Alloy "T" Mephato ka Sebopego

Lenaneo 3 – Moo T9, T11, T22, T91 ka tlwaelo e lekanago gona

Kereiti	Kgopolo (ya leina) .	Tebelelo ya maatla (e fišago) .	Karolo e tlwaelegilego
T11	~ 1,25Cr-0,5Mo	Motheo wa motheo	Diphaephe tša go fapantšha tša boiler/mocheso-temp tše di lekanetšego-
T22	~ 2.25Cr-1Mo	↑ kgahlanong le T11	Dipanka tše di fišago kudu; ditshenyagalelo-bokgoni bja go gagabela moedi
T9	~ 9Cr-1Mo (ferritic) .	Sehlopha se se swanago le sa T22	Kgetha ditirelo tše fišago le mafelo a phetogo
T91	9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb (martensite ye e befetšwego) .	Phahameng ka ho fetisisa ya sehlopha	Dikarolo tša superheater/reheater tše di fišago kudu

Ditshwantšho tša Khemistri (Meeto ya Tšhupetšo) .

Lenaneo 4 – Austenitic e sa tswakweng (TP letoto la lihlooho tse, wt.%) .

Kereiti	C (L/H)	Cr	Ni	Mo	Setsi sa go tiiša
TP304/304H ya go swana le yona	Ka fase ga goba go lekana le 0.035 / 0.04–0.10	~18–20	~8–11	-	-
TP316L / 316H ya go swana le yona	Ka fase ga goba go lekana le 0.035 / 0.04–0.10	~16–18	~10–14	~2.0–3.0	-
TP321/321H ya go swana le yona	Ka fase ga goba go lekana le 0.035 / 0.04–0.10	~17–19	~9–13	-	Ti
TP347/347H ya go swana le yona	Ka fase ga goba go lekana le 0.035 / 0.04–0.10	~17–19	~9–13	-	Nb/Ta

Lenaneo 5 – Motswako wa Ferritic (T letoto la lihlooho tse, wt.%) .

Kereiti	C (mofuta.) .	Cr (mofuta.) .	Mo (mofuta.) .	V/Nb/N (ge go le maleba) .
T11	Ka fase ga goba go lekana le 0.12	~1.0–1.5	~0.44–0.65	-
T22	Ka fase ga goba go lekana le 0.15	~1.9–2.6	~0.87–1.13	-
T9	Ka fase ga goba go lekana le 0.15	~8–10	~0.9–1.1	-
T91	0.08–0.12	~8–9.5	~0.85–1.05	V, Nb, N ditlaleletšo tše nnyane

Rerišana le ASTM A213/SA213 ya moragorago bakeng sa mellwane ya go laola le kgotlelelo ya tshekatsheko ya setšweletšwa.

Mechanical & High-Ditekanyetšo tša Thempheretšha (Bonyane ka Room Temp) .

Lenaneo 6 – Bonyane bja taetšo (hlahloba khoutu ya bjale/maemo) .

Lelapa / Kereiti	Tensile min	Poelo min	Go telefatša min
Austenitic (mohlala, TP304 / 316L) .	≈ 515 MPa (75 ksi) .	≈ 205 MPa (30 ksi) .	≈ 35%
TP321/347 (mephato ya H) .	≈ 515 MPa	≈ 205 M P a	≈ 30–35%
T11/T22	≈ 415 MPa	≈ 205 M P a	≈ 20%
T91	≈ 585 MPa	≈ 415 MPa	≈ 20%

Dintlha tša Tšweletšo - Seamless Feela (A213 Scope) .

Ditsela: .go fiša-go fedile ke moka go tonya-go feditše go fihla go bogolo; stainless hangata tharollo-annealed lepickled/passivatedbakeng sa ID e hloekileng.
Kalafo ya phišo: .austenitic stainless - tharollo anneal + ka potlako pholile; T91-normalize & halefile (ka spec); T11/T22-normalizing goba dikalafo tša subcritical bjalo ka ge go laeditšwe.
Bokagodimo & bohlweki: .diphaephe tše di sa tswakwego tšeo di fiwago ka mehla ka ID ya tlase - ya go ba makgwakgwa bakeng sa phetišetšo ya phišo ye e šomago gabotse le mekgwa ye e hlwekilego - ka -lefelo.
Thutafase: .thata OD / botenya tolerances le otlolohile thusa bundle kopano le tube - ho - tubesheet welding.
U- e koba: .ka tlwaelo e fiwa bakeng sa diphuthelwana tša phapantšho ya phišo ye e sa tswakwego-ka di-radi tša go koba tše di laolwago le kimollo ya kgateletšego ge go nyakega.

Teko & Tlhahlobo yeo o Swanetšego go e Laetša

Lenaneo la 7 – Dinyakwa tše di tlwaelegilego ka fase ga A213 (e ithekgile ka porojeke-) .

Aetheme	Stainless TP letoto la lihlooho tse	T - letoto (T11 / T22 / T91) .
Hydrostatic goba NDE teko ya mohlagase	Kgapeletšo (e nngwe goba e nngwe) .	Kgapeletšo (e nngwe goba e nngwe) .
Eddy jwale / ultrasonic (NDE) .	Hangata boletsoeng bakeng sa 100% khupetšo	Hangata boletsoeng bakeng sa 100% khupetšo
Flattening / flare / diteko tša flange	Bjalo ka ge go laeditšwe ke A213	Bjalo ka ge go laeditšwe ke A213
Bogolo bja mabele (austenitic) .	E nyakega moo go lego maleba	-
Teko ya tšhilafalo ya magareng ga di-granular (IGC) .	Ka taelo (mohlala, mekgwa ya ASTM A262) .	-
Taolo ya thata	Gantši e na le tshedimošo	Bohlokwa bakeng sa T91 ka tshepedišo
PMI & ditokomane	PMI ka diphuthelwana; sephuthelwana sa MTC ka botlalo	PMI ka diphuthelwana; sephuthelwana sa MTC ka botlalo

Go hwetšagala ga Dimensional (Tšhupetšo ya Diphaephe tša Octal) .

Lenaneo 8 – Enfelopo ya kabo ye e tlwaelegilego (projeke-ye e itšego) .

Paramethara ya	Stainless TP letoto la lihlooho tse	T - letoto (T11 / T22 / T91) .
Bophara bja ka ntle	~ 12.7-114.3 mm (1⁄2 ka-41⁄2 ka)	tšoanang fapaneng
Botenya bja lebota	~ 1.24-12.7 mm (ka kemiso / thala)	~ 2-16 mm (maboto a boima avail.)
Bolelele ba	Ho fihlela ho 12 m tlwaelehileng; sega-go -bolelele	Ho fihlela ho 12 limithara tse tloaelehileng
Go fetša	Pickled / passivated, benya ka req	Normalized / tempered qeta
Tube e fela	Mafelelo a thota; tube-go -go lokišetša letlakala la diphaephe	Mafelelo a thota; beveled ge e ba req

Lenaneo la go Hlahloba la go Otara (Seo o swanetšego go se Bea ka go Letlakala la Datha) .

Mophato le maemo: TP304/316L/321/347 (L/H ka moo go nyakegago) goba T11/T22/T91 ka kalafo ya phišo ye e nyakegago.
Ditekanyo: OD, leboteng, sehiloeng bolelele; U-diradi tša go koba le kgotlelelo ya maoto ge e le gore go a šoma.
Kalafo ya mocheso & bokagodimo: tharollo anneal + pickling / passivation (stainless); normalize/temper (bjalo ka ge go le maleba).
NDE moralo: teko ya hydrostatic kapa motlakase; 100% eddy jwale / UT haeba ho hlokahala; ditekanyetšo tša kamogelo.
Taolo ya tšhilafalo: Teko ya IGC ya mephato ye e tsepamego ge e laeditšwe; mellwane ya chloride; go hlwekiša protocol.
Ditokomane: MTC ka EN 10204 (mohlala, 3.1), go latišišwa, go paka, go swaya.
Mokga wa boraro-: go hlatsela/go hlahlobae hwetšagala ge e kgopelwa(BV, SGS, bjalobjalo).

FAQ

Q1: Ke kgetha bjang magareng ga mephato ya TP ye e sa tswakwego le mephato ya chrome-moly T ka fase ga ASTM A213/SA213?
A1:Diriša mephato ya TP bakeng sa dinyakwa tša tirelo le bohlweki tše di kolobilego/tše di šilafetšego goba tša chloride; šomiša mephato ya T ge o omile maatla a go gagabela a themperetšha ya godimo-e le mootledi yo mogolo.

Q2: Phapano efe ye e šomago magareng ga SA213 T11, T22, le T91 tubing?
A2:T11 ke motheo wa themperetšha ye e lekanetšego, T22 e oketša moedi wa go gagabela bakeng sa dikarolo tše di fišago kudu, gomme T91 e šomišwa bakeng sa mošomo wa godimodimo -themperetšha ya superheater/reheater.

Q3: Ke ditlhahlobo dife le ditokomane tšeo ke swanetšego go di kgopela bakeng sa diphaephe tša ASTM A213/SA213?
A3:Kgopela teko ya mohlagase ya hydrotest goba NDE, 100% ya eddy current/UT ge go nyakega, PMI, le EN 10204 3.1 MTC ye e feletšego yeo e nago le direkhoto tša kalafo ya phišo-.

Ikgokaganye le bjale